The 30th Conference of the Parties (COP30), held in Belém, Brazil, which ended on November 21, 2025, was meant to embody a renewed ambition for climate and biodiversity protection. But while negotiations dragged on into the night of Friday, November 22, the final agreement adopted by consensus remains minimal, if not a complete fiasco.

While this agreement strengthens climate finance, it only makes indirect reference to fossil fuels (oil, gas, and coal), which are responsible for climate change. Industrialized and emerging countries clashed on the issue of fossil fuels. Oil and gas exporters blocked any mention of a mandatory phase-out.

Key points of the adopted agreement :

Fossil fuels :

No binding roadmap for reducing the use of oil, gas, and coal, unlike COP28 in Dubai in 2023, where the final text referred to a "transition away from fossil fuels."

Climate finance : A pledge to mobilize USD 1.3 trillion per year by 2035, with a tripling of funding for adaptation in developing countries. For Haiti, the challenge is to obtain an equitable share of the announced funding and strengthen its national capacities to transform these promises into real resilience. The promised funding could support adaptation projects (water management, resilient infrastructure, reforestation). But access to these funds will depend on Haiti's institutional capacity to absorb and manage them.

Trade and Climate :

For the first time, the issue of trade was introduced into the negotiations, under pressure from China and emerging economies.

Voluntary Nature :

The measures remain non-binding, which limits their real impact.

International Reactions :

European Union :

Disappointed by the lack of a plan to phase out fossil fuels, it accepted the compromise to preserve multilateralism.

Emerging and Exporting Countries:

Satisfied to have avoided a binding obligation.

Civil Society :

NGOs and Amazonian Indigenous peoples denounce an agreement that is "insufficient" in the face of the climate emergency.

S/ HaitiLibre